There is also a need to provide a comparable functional unit that is representative and to include the important phases of each life cycle system if different types of systems are analyzed.
To achieve this potential, it is clear that the scientific and technical community needs to converge on a new protocol to ensure that LCA application becomes more reliable and transparent.Ĭomparative goals are encouraged since data quality and availability are the most significant difficulty within the LCA of WWTPs. Furthermore, LCA should be combined with other methodologies such as big data, data envelopment analysis, life cycle cost assessment, and social life cycle assessment. Many opportunities within the LCA of WWTPs were identified, such as optimization of WWTP operational aspects and resource recovery. Other important methodological aspects are covered: allocation process, functional unit choice, sensitivity analysis, and important fluxes to be considered. The most significant points that can be improved are caused by missing essential information (e.g. The authors used the ProKnow-C systematic review methodology for paper selection and 111 studies were analyzed. Hence, this paper aims to start a guideline development for LCA of urban WWTPs based on the information available in the scientific literature on the topic. In its 30 years of existence, there are still many improvement possibilities in studies performing the life cycle assessment (LCA) of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).
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